In Vitro:Article Title: Lessons on brain edema in HE: from cellular to animal models and clinical studies
Article Snippet: Mouse – hyperammonemia - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 (1–10 mM) , In-vitro : post-natal organotypic slice cultures – forebrain , Optical coherence tomography (OCT) - of cultured slices Confocal microscopy Immunoblotting , - ammonia for 3 days → evidence of tissue edema that is linked with astrocytic swelling - no significant changes in slice area were detected over 3 days at ammonia concentrations up to 10 mM - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM resulted in macroscopic tissue swelling, with slice thickness increasing ~ 30%, treated: 441 ± 40 μm vs. control: 345 ± 33 μm - volume of GFAP-immunoreactivity was used as a marker of astrocyte cytoplasmic volume - the fractional volume of cortex occupied by GFAP- immunoreactive voxels progressively and significantly increased at concentrations of 1–10 mM of NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM resulted in 8% increase in volume of GFAP-immunoreactivity - no change in astrocytes number - neurons somatic diameter of control ranged from 10–15 μm vs. 20 μm after treatment with NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM associated with large swollen nuclei , Back et al. ( ) . .. C6 Glioma Cell line (AmericanType Culture Collection (Rockville, MD)) -hyperammonemia - NH4Cl (5 mM) + resveratrol (100 μM) , In-vitro : astroglia cells , Optical microscopy , - ammonia induced astrocyte swelling / cell body retraction, and resveratrol prevented this effect - ammonia induced increased expression of cytokines, the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which was partially reversed by resveratrol (TNF-a levels from 148 ± 13% to 109 ± 13%, IL-1β levels from 140 ± 9% to 110 ± 13%, and IL-6 from 135 ± 13% to 115 ± 16%, values expressed as percentage of control) , Bobermin et al. ( ) . .. Brain cell 3D culture hyperammonemia - NH4Cl (5 mM) + creatine (1 mM) , In-vitro : mixed-cell aggregates – from mechanically dissociated telencephalon of 16-day rat embryos , Optical microscopy , - ammonia induced astrocyte swelling, and creatine prevents this effect - NH 4 Cl alters AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8 expression in glial cells but not in neurons - increased GAMT but repressed SLC6A8 mRNA expression in oligodendrocytes - creatine co-treatment under NH 4 Cl exposure represses AGAT and SLC6A8 in swollen astrocytes - decrease of endogenous synthesis of creatine under NH 4 Cl exposure - ammonia exposure impaired axonal growth in developing mixed cell aggregates - creatine prevented ammonia-induced axonal growth impairment in developing mixed cell aggregates - creatine did not prevent the ammonia-induced axonal growth impairment in developing neuron-enriched aggregates - neuronal fiber growth impairment under ammonium exposure, together with a decrease in medium size neurofilaments (NF-M) - in mature aggregates ammonia exposure does not alter axonal morphology → difference in vulnerability of the developing and adult brain - no significant effect was found for oligodendrocytes , Braissant et al. ( ) .
Microscopy:Article Title: Lessons on brain edema in HE: from cellular to animal models and clinical studies
Article Snippet: Mouse – hyperammonemia - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 (1–10 mM) , In-vitro : post-natal organotypic slice cultures – forebrain , Optical coherence tomography (OCT) - of cultured slices Confocal microscopy Immunoblotting , - ammonia for 3 days → evidence of tissue edema that is linked with astrocytic swelling - no significant changes in slice area were detected over 3 days at ammonia concentrations up to 10 mM - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM resulted in macroscopic tissue swelling, with slice thickness increasing ~ 30%, treated: 441 ± 40 μm vs. control: 345 ± 33 μm - volume of GFAP-immunoreactivity was used as a marker of astrocyte cytoplasmic volume - the fractional volume of cortex occupied by GFAP- immunoreactive voxels progressively and significantly increased at concentrations of 1–10 mM of NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM resulted in 8% increase in volume of GFAP-immunoreactivity - no change in astrocytes number - neurons somatic diameter of control ranged from 10–15 μm vs. 20 μm after treatment with NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM associated with large swollen nuclei , Back et al. ( ) . .. C6 Glioma Cell line (AmericanType Culture Collection (Rockville, MD)) -hyperammonemia - NH4Cl (5 mM) + resveratrol (100 μM) , In-vitro : astroglia cells , Optical microscopy , - ammonia induced astrocyte swelling / cell body retraction, and resveratrol prevented this effect - ammonia induced increased expression of cytokines, the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which was partially reversed by resveratrol (TNF-a levels from 148 ± 13% to 109 ± 13%, IL-1β levels from 140 ± 9% to 110 ± 13%, and IL-6 from 135 ± 13% to 115 ± 16%, values expressed as percentage of control) , Bobermin et al. ( ) . .. Brain cell 3D culture hyperammonemia - NH4Cl (5 mM) + creatine (1 mM) , In-vitro : mixed-cell aggregates – from mechanically dissociated telencephalon of 16-day rat embryos , Optical microscopy , - ammonia induced astrocyte swelling, and creatine prevents this effect - NH 4 Cl alters AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8 expression in glial cells but not in neurons - increased GAMT but repressed SLC6A8 mRNA expression in oligodendrocytes - creatine co-treatment under NH 4 Cl exposure represses AGAT and SLC6A8 in swollen astrocytes - decrease of endogenous synthesis of creatine under NH 4 Cl exposure - ammonia exposure impaired axonal growth in developing mixed cell aggregates - creatine prevented ammonia-induced axonal growth impairment in developing mixed cell aggregates - creatine did not prevent the ammonia-induced axonal growth impairment in developing neuron-enriched aggregates - neuronal fiber growth impairment under ammonium exposure, together with a decrease in medium size neurofilaments (NF-M) - in mature aggregates ammonia exposure does not alter axonal morphology → difference in vulnerability of the developing and adult brain - no significant effect was found for oligodendrocytes , Braissant et al. ( ) .
Expressing:Article Title: Lessons on brain edema in HE: from cellular to animal models and clinical studies
Article Snippet: Mouse – hyperammonemia - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 (1–10 mM) , In-vitro : post-natal organotypic slice cultures – forebrain , Optical coherence tomography (OCT) - of cultured slices Confocal microscopy Immunoblotting , - ammonia for 3 days → evidence of tissue edema that is linked with astrocytic swelling - no significant changes in slice area were detected over 3 days at ammonia concentrations up to 10 mM - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM resulted in macroscopic tissue swelling, with slice thickness increasing ~ 30%, treated: 441 ± 40 μm vs. control: 345 ± 33 μm - volume of GFAP-immunoreactivity was used as a marker of astrocyte cytoplasmic volume - the fractional volume of cortex occupied by GFAP- immunoreactive voxels progressively and significantly increased at concentrations of 1–10 mM of NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM resulted in 8% increase in volume of GFAP-immunoreactivity - no change in astrocytes number - neurons somatic diameter of control ranged from 10–15 μm vs. 20 μm after treatment with NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM associated with large swollen nuclei , Back et al. ( ) . .. C6 Glioma Cell line (AmericanType Culture Collection (Rockville, MD)) -hyperammonemia - NH4Cl (5 mM) + resveratrol (100 μM) , In-vitro : astroglia cells , Optical microscopy , - ammonia induced astrocyte swelling / cell body retraction, and resveratrol prevented this effect - ammonia induced increased expression of cytokines, the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which was partially reversed by resveratrol (TNF-a levels from 148 ± 13% to 109 ± 13%, IL-1β levels from 140 ± 9% to 110 ± 13%, and IL-6 from 135 ± 13% to 115 ± 16%, values expressed as percentage of control) , Bobermin et al. ( ) . .. Brain cell 3D culture hyperammonemia - NH4Cl (5 mM) + creatine (1 mM) , In-vitro : mixed-cell aggregates – from mechanically dissociated telencephalon of 16-day rat embryos , Optical microscopy , - ammonia induced astrocyte swelling, and creatine prevents this effect - NH 4 Cl alters AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8 expression in glial cells but not in neurons - increased GAMT but repressed SLC6A8 mRNA expression in oligodendrocytes - creatine co-treatment under NH 4 Cl exposure represses AGAT and SLC6A8 in swollen astrocytes - decrease of endogenous synthesis of creatine under NH 4 Cl exposure - ammonia exposure impaired axonal growth in developing mixed cell aggregates - creatine prevented ammonia-induced axonal growth impairment in developing mixed cell aggregates - creatine did not prevent the ammonia-induced axonal growth impairment in developing neuron-enriched aggregates - neuronal fiber growth impairment under ammonium exposure, together with a decrease in medium size neurofilaments (NF-M) - in mature aggregates ammonia exposure does not alter axonal morphology → difference in vulnerability of the developing and adult brain - no significant effect was found for oligodendrocytes , Braissant et al. ( ) .
Control:Article Title: Lessons on brain edema in HE: from cellular to animal models and clinical studies
Article Snippet: Mouse – hyperammonemia - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 (1–10 mM) , In-vitro : post-natal organotypic slice cultures – forebrain , Optical coherence tomography (OCT) - of cultured slices Confocal microscopy Immunoblotting , - ammonia for 3 days → evidence of tissue edema that is linked with astrocytic swelling - no significant changes in slice area were detected over 3 days at ammonia concentrations up to 10 mM - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM resulted in macroscopic tissue swelling, with slice thickness increasing ~ 30%, treated: 441 ± 40 μm vs. control: 345 ± 33 μm - volume of GFAP-immunoreactivity was used as a marker of astrocyte cytoplasmic volume - the fractional volume of cortex occupied by GFAP- immunoreactive voxels progressively and significantly increased at concentrations of 1–10 mM of NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 - NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM resulted in 8% increase in volume of GFAP-immunoreactivity - no change in astrocytes number - neurons somatic diameter of control ranged from 10–15 μm vs. 20 μm after treatment with NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 10 mM associated with large swollen nuclei , Back et al. ( ) . .. C6 Glioma Cell line (AmericanType Culture Collection (Rockville, MD)) -hyperammonemia - NH4Cl (5 mM) + resveratrol (100 μM) , In-vitro : astroglia cells , Optical microscopy , - ammonia induced astrocyte swelling / cell body retraction, and resveratrol prevented this effect - ammonia induced increased expression of cytokines, the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which was partially reversed by resveratrol (TNF-a levels from 148 ± 13% to 109 ± 13%, IL-1β levels from 140 ± 9% to 110 ± 13%, and IL-6 from 135 ± 13% to 115 ± 16%, values expressed as percentage of control) , Bobermin et al. ( ) . .. Brain cell 3D culture hyperammonemia - NH4Cl (5 mM) + creatine (1 mM) , In-vitro : mixed-cell aggregates – from mechanically dissociated telencephalon of 16-day rat embryos , Optical microscopy , - ammonia induced astrocyte swelling, and creatine prevents this effect - NH 4 Cl alters AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8 expression in glial cells but not in neurons - increased GAMT but repressed SLC6A8 mRNA expression in oligodendrocytes - creatine co-treatment under NH 4 Cl exposure represses AGAT and SLC6A8 in swollen astrocytes - decrease of endogenous synthesis of creatine under NH 4 Cl exposure - ammonia exposure impaired axonal growth in developing mixed cell aggregates - creatine prevented ammonia-induced axonal growth impairment in developing mixed cell aggregates - creatine did not prevent the ammonia-induced axonal growth impairment in developing neuron-enriched aggregates - neuronal fiber growth impairment under ammonium exposure, together with a decrease in medium size neurofilaments (NF-M) - in mature aggregates ammonia exposure does not alter axonal morphology → difference in vulnerability of the developing and adult brain - no significant effect was found for oligodendrocytes , Braissant et al. ( ) .
Cell Culture:
Activity Assay:Article Title: [A Novel Rat Glioblastoma 101/8 Model: A Comparative PET-CT Study with C6 Rat model].
Article Snippet: The development of new drugs in nuclear medicine for diagnosis or treatment (chemotherapy) of brain tumors, in particular gliomas, is inextricably linked with the use of tumor models in animals (usually rats).. Objective.. To compare the widely used glioma cell model C6 and the new experimental tissue model of glioblastoma 101.8.
Modification:
|